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临界簇模型用道路结构和紧急情况下需要疏散的人口数所决定的道路容量需求来表征区域疏散风险,具有参数较少、方法简单、通过局部寻优而实现全局优化的特点,为针对开放空间的应急交通疏散问题的解决提供了有力工具.鉴于城市中的各种危险源已成为威胁城市安全水平的重要因素,本文在临界簇模型的基础上,引入事故风险影响因子和疏散方向,建立了考虑危险源的城市应急交通疏散风险评价模型.事故风险影响因子从根本上考虑了其与距离的负相关关系,表达了危险源对应急交通疏散的影响;疏散方向则体现了避难人群总是背离危险源疏散的基本原则,通过疏散路径的可行解来确定.本文还在GIS的支持下,对北京市的道路交通网进行了简单的模型应用.
The critical cluster model can characterize the regional evacuation risk with the road capacity demand determined by the road structure and the population to be evacuated in emergencies. It has the characteristics of fewer parameters, simple method and global optimization through partial optimization. In order to solve the problem of open space The emergency traffic evacuation provides a powerful tool.According to the various critical sources in the city have become an important factor threatening the level of urban safety, based on the critical cluster model, this paper introduces the risk factors and evacuation direction of the accident and establishes a Considering the hazard source of urban emergency traffic evacuation risk assessment model, the accident risk factor fundamentally considered its negative relationship with the distance, expressed the hazard of emergency traffic evacuation; evacuation direction reflects the evacuation of the crowd always deviate from The basic principle of evacuation of dangerous sources is determined by the feasible solution of the evacuation route.This paper also makes a simple model application of the road traffic network in Beijing with the support of GIS.