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目的掌握山西省农村少儿的体格发育状况和地区间的差异。方法采用自行设计的《农村少儿健康状况调查问卷》对山西省长治、晋中、临汾、吕梁、运城五地市共1 949名农村少儿进行问卷调查。所得数据使用SPSS 11.5软件包建立数据库并进行统计分析处理。结果山西省五地市农村少儿营养状况分为较差、一般、中等、良好的各占0.62%、7.34%、35.30%、56.75%,男女良好比例分别为29.66%及27.09%;营养状况处于较差、一般、中等的男性略高于女性;营养状况良好者在3~6岁占5.49%,7~10岁占21.24%,11~14岁占27.81%,15~17岁占2.21%;运城地区营养状况较其他四地区处于较高水平,吕梁地区则反之。男女性少儿脊柱畸形发生率分别为2.36%、2.47%;各年龄段中,处于3~6岁、7~10岁、11~14岁的畸形发生率较高,分别为2.40%%、2.33%、2.64%、而15~17岁的发生率则为0.00%;临汾地区畸形发生率较其他4地市为高,为8.44%。山西省农村少儿患病率最高,是广东省富裕地区的9.48倍。扁平足的发病率为6.52%,其中男性的发病率为7.08%,女性发病率为5.84%。结论山西省五地市农村少儿体格发育状况待进一步提高。
Objective To understand the physical development of rural children in Shanxi Province and the differences between regions. Methods A total of 1 949 rural children from 5 cities in Changzhi, Jinzhong, Linfen, Luliang, and Yuncheng in Shanxi Province were surveyed using the “Questionnaire on Rural Children’s Health” designed by themselves. The resulting data using SPSS 11.5 software package to establish a database and statistical analysis. Results The nutritional status of children in rural areas of five cities in Shanxi Province was divided into poor, normal, moderate and good, accounting for 0.62%, 7.34%, 35.30% and 56.75% respectively, with a good male-female ratio of 29.66% and 27.09% respectively. Poor, moderate, moderate male slightly higher than the female; good nutrition in 5 to 6 years old accounted for 5.49%, 7 to 10 years old accounted for 21.24%, 11 to 14 years old accounted for 27.81%, 15 to 17 years accounted for 2.21%; Yuncheng The nutritional status of the area is higher than the other four areas, whereas the Luliang area is the opposite. Male and female children with spinal deformity rates were 2.36%, 2.47%; in all age groups, at 3 to 6 years old, 7 to 10 years old, 11 to 14 years old the higher the incidence of deformities were 2.40 %%, 2.33% , 2.64% respectively while the incidence rate of 15-17 years old was 0.00%. The incidence of deformity in Linfen area was 8.44% higher than that of the other 4 cities. Shanxi Province, the highest prevalence of children in rural areas, 9.48 times the wealthy areas in Guangdong Province. The incidence of flatfoot was 6.52%, of which the incidence of male was 7.08% and the incidence of female was 5.84%. Conclusion The physical development status of rural children in five cities in Shanxi Province needs to be further improved.