一个国家为日益增长的人口提供生产资料的同时,还需解决能源短缺和全球变暖的问题。解决方法包括土壤保护、能源控制、高效使用其他再生能源,使用生物能源也是解决能源短缺问题的途径之一。2006年美国学者Jane等人通过研究提出生物能源(农业残留物)利用问题探讨。其结论是:在美国农业生物量每年将提供约10亿t(干质量)生物能源。40%的农业生物来源于作物残留物,38%来源于多年生的草本,其余的来源于谷物蒸馏的残渣、肥料及其他的生产剩余品。当玉米连作且用铧式犁耕作时,需要7.6 t/(hm2.a)的残留物来保持土壤有机碳,如果用深松犁或免耕需要5.3 t/(hm2.a)。残留物可以为植物提供营养,保持土壤的重要性质,同时也作为生物能源的给料。鉴于目前的经济压力寻找可替代能源,美国能源部为国内可再生能源建立了短期纲领,将成为能源和产品的重要因子。随着生物能源业的发展,建议保护土壤、保持能源,实现可持续的能源安全。 While a country provides a means of production for a growing population, it also needs to address the issue of energy shortages and global warming. Solutions include soil conservation, energy control, the efficient use of other renewable energy sources, and the use of bioenergy as part of the solution to the energy shortage. In 2006, American scholar Jane et al. Proposed a study on the utilization of bioenergy (agricultural residues). The conclusion is that in the United States, agricultural biomass will provide about 1 billion tonnes (dry mass) of bioenergy per year. Forty per cent of the agricultural organisms are derived from crop residues, 38% from perennial herbs and the rest from residues from the distillation of cereals, fertilizers and other production residues. When corn is plowed and plow-tilled, a residue of 7.6 t / (hm2.a) is required to maintain soil organic carbon, requiring 5.3 t / (hm2.a) for deep plowing or no-till. Residues can provide nutrients for the plant, maintain the important properties of the soil, and also act as a feed to bioenergy. In the light of the current economic pressures to find alternative energy sources, the U.S. Department of Energy has established a short-term program for domestic renewable energy sources and will become an important factor for energy and products. With the development of bioenergy industry, it is recommended to protect the soil, maintain energy and achieve sustainable energy security.