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目的:探讨婴幼儿气质类型和气质维度的变化情况。方法:采用Carey等设计,经张劲松等修订的小婴儿气质问卷、婴儿气质问卷和幼儿气质评估表,对81例婴幼儿分年龄组进行气质维度和气质类型测评,12个月后再次对其进行追踪调查。结果:小婴儿组的气质类型和除情绪本质外的8个气质维度有统计学差异;婴儿组的气质类型无统计学差异,适应性、反应强度,坚持性、注意力分散度和反应阈等气质维度有统计学差异;幼儿组的气质类型无统计学差异,气质维度仅反应阈一项有统计学差异。结论:婴幼儿气质具有可塑性。随着婴幼儿的成长其气质有所改变,年龄越小变化越明显,幼儿期气质逐渐趋于稳定。
Objective: To investigate the changes of infant temperament and temperament dimension. Methods: According to the design of Carey et al., The infant temperament questionnaire, infant temperament questionnaire and infant temperament assessment table revised by Zhang Jinsong et al were used to evaluate the temperament dimensions and temperament types of 81 infants and young children in different age groups. After 12 months, Follow up the investigation. Results: There were significant differences in the temperament types and the temperament dimensions of 8 infants except for the emotional essence. There was no significant difference in temperament types among the infants, adaptability, reaction intensity, persistence, attentional distraction and reaction threshold Temperament dimension had statistical difference; There was no significant difference in temperament types in young children group, but only one reaction threshold in temperament dimension had statistical difference. Conclusion: infant temperament plasticity. With the growth of infants and young children their temperament has changed, the younger the more obvious changes, early childhood temperament gradually stabilized.