重现于世的元代法律典籍——残本《至正条格》

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法规、条令和案例的编辑工作在元朝进行过两次。第一次在元中期仁宗时进行,编成的法令文书汇编于英宗至治三年(1323)正式颁行,定名《大元通制》,到今天只有“条格”的一部分幸存于世,名为《通制条格》,是治元史者必读的重要史料。第二次编纂工作是元朝最后一个皇帝顺帝在位时进行的,至正五年(1345)成书,定名《至正条格》,包括制诏、条格、断例。元朝灭亡后,《至正条格》逐渐失传。清中叶修《四库全书》时,从《永乐大典》中辑得23卷,已非完璧。乾隆帝曾经翻阅过此书,写有一首题诗;四库馆臣在对《四库全书》所收《元史》进行考证时,也曾引用过《至正条格》的内容。遗憾的是,《四库全书》仅将辑得的《至正条格》列入存目,致使它后来再度亡佚。长期以来,元史研究者对《至正条格》只知其名,基本不再抱看到它的希望。2002年,韩国学中央研究院的安承俊教授在韩国庆州江东面良洞村孙氏家族调查古文书时,意外地发现了元刊残本《至正条格》两册。可以预见,《至正条格》将成为未来一段时间内元史研究的热点。 Editing regulations, ordinances and cases was done twice in the Yuan Dynasty. The first time in the middle of Yuan Renzong time, the compilation of the compilation of legal instruments compiled Yingzong Zhizhi three years (1323) was officially promulgated, named “Tai Yuen Tong system”, and today only “part of” survive in The world, known as the “rule of law,” is an important historian must read historical documents. The second compilation was carried out by the last Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, Shun Shun, in the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1345), and was named “Positive Grading,” including the edict, the bar, and the examples. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, “positive stripe” gradually lost. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, when the “Si Ku Quan Shu” was revised, 23 volumes have been edited from the “Yongle Dadian”, which is no longer complete. Emperor Qianlong had read through this book and wrote a poem on his title. When he studied the “Yuan Shi” collected by the “Sikuquanshu”, the Siku Pavilion had quoted the “right track” content. Unfortunately, the “Sikuquanshu” only included the “positive passage” of the series, which left it dead again. For a long time, Yuan Shi researchers only know their names in the “Positive Bar” and basically no longer see its hope. In 2002, Professor Ang Cheng-jun of the Korea Studies Academia Sinica accidentally discovered two volumes of the “positive passage” of the Yuan-jian residuals when he investigated the ancient writings of the Sun clan in Liangdong village, east of Gyeongju, South Korea. It is foreseeable that the “Positive Bar” will become the hot spot for the study of Yuan Dynasty in the future.
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