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为了研究优质高产苹果树的环境参数和生理指标,以幼龄和成龄2个果园为研究对象,采用田间系统调查和室内测定分析的方法对优质高产苹果园树体结构参数、群体结构参数及一些生理指标进行了研究。结果表明:优质高产园树高在260~290 cm之间,主枝角度70°~75°,枝类比例顺序为叶丛枝>短枝>中枝>长枝>发育枝,且叶丛枝比例在50%以上;果园覆盖率75%~94%,行间和株间的交接率较小;成龄高产园总枝量达到1.04×106条/hm2,幼龄果园枝量在8.79×105条/hm2;其叶片较厚,叶绿素含量较高,SPAD值达58.22;光合作用较强,净光合速率17.48~21.8μmol CO2/(m2·s);抽生果苔副梢比例高,分别为81%和75%。
In order to study the environmental parameters and physiological indexes of apple trees with good quality and high yield, two orchards of young and mature were selected as research objects. Field system investigation and laboratory analysis were used to analyze the tree structure parameters, population structure parameters, Some physiological indicators were studied. The results showed that the tree height of the high-quality and high-yielding garden was between 260 and 290 cm with the main branch angle of 70 ° -75 °. The order of branches was in the order of leaves with branches> short branches> middle branches> long branches> The proportion of branches in the orchard was 75% ~ 94%, and the turnover rate between lines was small. The total branch number of mature and high-yielding garden reached 1.04 × 106 / hm2, and the young orchard branches were 8.79 × 105 The leaf photosynthesis rate was 17.48 ~ 21.8μmol CO2 / (m2 · s), the ratio of shoot tips was higher, which were respectively 81% and 75%.