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本文以米歇尔·福柯的权力理论为视角,重点分析了欧内斯特·盖恩斯的小说《刑前一课》和《简·皮特曼小姐的自传》中的黑人学校教育领域内的权力关系问题。学校并不是一块净土,学校的选址、学校设施、师资力量、教学内容和理念等都反映了美国社会中各个阶层之间的权力关系。学校是白人灌输主流意识形态,对黑人进行洗脑和愚化的最佳场所。白人在黑人教育领域对黑人实施了规训权力,监视黑人的教学情况,对其进行规范性裁决,并用检查来巩固其教学理念的贯彻和教学效果的优劣。盖恩斯的小说反映了黑人教育背后权力关系的博弈,并指出,黑人民众并不是被动地接受一切,特别是黑人精英分子,勇敢地反抗白人在教育领域的规训,探索黑人所需要的真正的教育,不仅仅使其获得生存技能,而且帮助黑人民众在精神上觉醒过来,认识到尊严、自由、民主、平等、自主性等的重要性,并鼓励他们为实现这一切而努力奋斗。
This paper, based on Michel Foucault’s theory of power, focuses on the black school education in Ernest Gaines’s novel Penitentiary and Miss Jane Pittman’s Autobiography The issue of power relations. The school is not a pure land. The school’s siting, school facilities, faculty, teaching content and philosophy all reflect the power relations among all walks of life in American society. Schools are the best place for white people to inculcate mainstream ideology and brainwash and fool blacks. Whites enforce their rights to blacks in the field of black education, monitor the teaching of blacks, standardize their judgment, and use checks to consolidate the implementation of their teaching philosophy and the effectiveness of their teaching. Gaines’s novel reflects the game of power relations behind the black education and points out that the black people do not passively accept everything, especially black elites, courageously rebel against the discipline of white men in education and explore the real needs of blacks Education not only provides them with survival skills but also helps the black people to wake up mentally and recognize the importance of dignity, freedom, democracy, equality and autonomy and encourages them to work hard to achieve this.