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目的分析黑龙江省公众参与应急志愿服务现状及影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取黑龙江省5个城市2 800名公众进行问卷调查。结果回收有效问卷2 686份,有效率95.93%。652人(24.27%)参加过应急志愿服务。男性,年龄≤40岁,居住城镇/农村,高中和大学及以上,有较强的责任认知,社会资本高,抗风险意识和应急准备行为倾向,掌握应急知识与技能,有应急经历以及过去1年接受过应急宣传、培训、演练的公众报告率较高(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,公众参与应急志愿服务的促进因素为男性(OR=1.451),居住地类型为城镇/农村(OR=1.539),文化程度为高中(OR=1.413)和大学及以上(OR=1.736),有较强的责任认知(OR=1.486),社会资本(OR=1.495),抗风险意识(OR=1.833)和应急准备行为倾向(OR=1.338),掌握应急知识与技能(OR=1.249)以及过去1年接受过应急宣传、培训、演练(OR=2.205)。结论黑龙江省公众应急志愿服务的参与度有待提高,应完善法律法规,加强应急教育,并建立志愿者保险制度,进而提高公众参与应急志愿服务的积极性。
Objective To analyze the current situation and influential factors of public participation in emergency volunteer service in Heilongjiang Province. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 2,800 people from 5 cities in Heilongjiang Province. Results A total of 2 686 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 95.93%. 652 people (24.27%) participated in emergency volunteer service. Male, aged ≤40 years old, living in urban / rural areas, high schools and universities and above, have a strong sense of responsibility, high social capital, anti-risk awareness and emergency preparedness behavior, master emergency knowledge and skills, have emergency experience and past The rate of public reporting of emergency publicity, training and drills in one year was higher (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that public participation in emergency volunteer services was male (OR = 1.451), residential / urban (OR = 1.539), high school (OR = 1.413) and college and above (OR = 1.736), and had a strong sense of responsibility (OR = 1.486), social capital (OR = 1.495), risk awareness (OR = 1.833) and emergency preparedness (OR = 1.338) Skills (OR = 1.249), and emergency response, training and drills (OR = 2.205) in the past year. Conclusion The participation rate of public emergency volunteer service in Heilongjiang Province needs to be improved. Laws and regulations should be perfected, emergency education should be improved and a volunteer insurance system should be established so as to enhance public participation in emergency volunteer service.