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目的分析新疆克拉玛依市克拉玛依区各类疫苗疑似预防异常接种反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测信息管理系统运转情况及接种的安全性。方法通过AEFI信息管理监测系统采集2012─2016年新疆克拉玛依市克拉玛依区上报的AEFI资料并用描述流行病学方法分析数据。结果 2012─2016年克拉玛依市克拉玛依区共报告AEFI 206例,其中一般反应178例、占86.41%(178/206),异常反应28例、占13.59%(28/206);AEFI年均发生率30.16/10万,不同年度发生率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.28,P<0.05);报告发生率最高为7价肺炎疫苗(220.75/10万),病例数最多为“百白破”疫苗(67例);2岁~组发生AEFI最多(116例,占56.31%),85.44%(176/206)的病例发生在接种后24 h内,以局部红肿、发热为主,AEFI大多发生于首次接种时,占48.06%。结论克拉玛依市克拉玛依区AEFI监测系统敏感性明显提高,疫苗和预防接种安全性已达国家要求,应进一步对大众开展AEFI的正面宣传和引导,正确宣传疫苗防病的相关知识,同时提高基层预防接种服务人员的专业技术水平和服务质量,规范预防接种操作,杜绝接种事故发生。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected AEFI in Karamay district of Karamay region in Xinjiang and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring information management system and the safety of inoculation. Methods The AEFI data reported from Karamay district in Karamay, Xinjiang from 2012 to 2016 were collected by AEFI information management and monitoring system and the data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 206 AEFI cases were reported in the Karamay district of Karamay from 2012 to 2016, of which 178 were general reactions (86.41%) and 178 (26%) were abnormal reactions, accounting for 13.59% (28/206). The average annual incidence of AEFI was 30.16 / 100,000, the incidence of different years was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 15.28, P <0.05); the highest reported incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine (220.75 / 100000), the maximum number of cases of (67 cases). The patients with AEFI (116 cases, 56.31%) and 85.44% (176/206 cases) occurred in the group of 2-year-old within 24 hours after inoculation. Most occurred when the first vaccination, accounting for 48.06%. Conclusion The sensitivity of the AEFI monitoring system in Karamay district of Karamay Region was significantly increased. The safety of vaccines and vaccination has reached the national requirements. AEFI should be further publicized and guided by the public, and the relevant knowledge of vaccine prevention and disease prevention should be correctly publicized. At the same time, Professional and technical personnel service level and quality of service, regulate vaccination operations, to prevent vaccination accidents.