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目的:比较上海城区7~17岁正常、超重和肥胖学生20米往返跑(20mSRT)成绩,了解体质指数不同对学生有氧耐力成绩的影响。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海城区7~17岁身体健康的中小学生4687名(男2362名,女2325名),按年龄、性别分组同时对受试者的测试动机和测试条件等容易影响测试结果可靠性的各种因素进行了控制。先测试受试者身高、体重等形态学指标,准备活动后测试20mSRT。严格按照Leger方法进行测试。参照中国肥胖工作组中国学龄儿童青少年(7~18岁)超重肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准,对受试者的超重和肥胖进行分类。结果:7~17岁各年龄段男生20mSRT成绩为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01),7~17岁各年龄段女生20mSRT成绩为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01),且男生体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组20mSRT成绩的组间差距比女生更大。按青春期前、中、后分组,7~10岁组、11~14岁组和15~17岁组男生20mSRT成绩均为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01);女生除7~10岁组超重与肥胖组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)以外,11~14岁组和15~17岁组女生20mSRT成绩均为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01);且7~10岁组、11~14岁组和15~17岁组男生20mSRT成绩受体重影响均大于女生各组。结论:无论男生或者女生,7~17岁各年龄段的学生20mSRT成绩在正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组依次递减,且男生体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组的组间差距比女生大;按青春期年龄分组后,男生和女生体重变化对20mSRT成绩仍有影响。因此,适当控制体重对提高儿童青少年的20mSRT成绩可能有积极作用。
Objective: To compare 20-meter round-trip (20mSRT) scores of normal, overweight and obese students aged 7-17 in Shanghai urban area to find out the effect of different body mass index on students’ aerobic endurance performance. Methods: Stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 4687 elementary and middle school students (2362 males and 2325 females) aged 7-17 years old in Shanghai city. The test motivation and test of the subjects were grouped by age and gender Conditions and other factors that easily affect the reliability of test results have been controlled. First test the subject’s height, weight and other morphological indicators, ready to test 20mSRT activities. In strict accordance with the Leger method for testing. According to China Obesity Task Group, Chinese school-age children and adolescents (7 to 18 years old) overweight obesity screening body mass index value classification criteria for subjects overweight and obesity classification. Results: The results of 20mSRT for boys of all ages from 7 to 17 were normal weight group> overweight group> obesity group (P <0.01). The 20mSRT scores of girls aged 7-17 years were significantly higher than that of normal weight group> overweight group> obesity group <0.01). And there was a bigger difference between boys in 20mSRT scores of normal weight group, overweight group and obesity group than girls. The results of 20mSRT in pre-adolescent, pre-adolescent, post-adolescent groups, age groups of 7 to 10, age groups of 11 to 14 and age groups of 15 to 17 were all normal body weight> overweight group> obesity group (P <0.01) The 20mSRT scores of the 11 ~ 14 years old group and the 15 ~ 17 years old female group were all normal weight group> overweight group> obesity group (P <0.01) except 10 years old group had no significant difference between overweight and obesity group (P> 0.05). And 20mSRT scores of boys aged from 7 to 10 years, from 11 to 14 years old and from 15 to 17 years old were more affected by body weight than girls. Conclusion: The results of 20mSRT of boys and girls of all ages from 7 to 17 years old are decreasing in normal weight group, overweight group and obesity group, and the gap between boys in normal weight group, overweight group and obesity group is bigger than that of female students. Body weight changes for boys and girls still have an impact on 20mSRT scores when grouped by adolescent age. Therefore, proper weight control may have a positive effect on improving 20mSRT scores in children and adolescents.