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Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty ( PVP) with percutaneous kyphoplasty ( PKP ) in the treatment of vertebral compression fracture (VCF).Methods: Ninety-eight patients with VCF were treated by PVP (n =42) or PKP (n = 56). The anterior midline and posterior heights of vertebrae body, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS), operation time and amount of blood loss were compared between 2 groups.Results: There was statistical difference in vertebral height between two groups (P＜0. 01). No significant difference was seen in VAS, operation time and blood loss between two groups (P＜0. 05).Conclusions: PKP and PVP have the similar therapeutic efficacy in treatment of VCF with minimal invasion, less operation time and blood loss. However, PKP is superior in the recovery of vertebral height.