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采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和室温拉伸等检测技术研究了A36稀土船板钢的组织与力学性能。结果表明,在钢中添加稀土会细化和均匀组织,使铁素体晶粒明显变小,带状珠光体组织更加弥散地分布在铁素体基体中。稀土元素的加入能改善钢的力学性能,使抗拉强度提高了6%,屈服强度提高了8%,断面收缩率和伸长率均有提高。通过拉伸断口的宏观和微观形貌分析,A36稀土钢的断口呈韧性断裂,断口韧窝明显变深变小,在韧窝底部有球状夹杂物出现,经能谱分析,夹杂物主要是稀土硫氧化物和铝酸盐。
The microstructure and mechanical properties of A36 rare-earth ship steel were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and room temperature tensile testing. The results show that the addition of rare earth in the steel will refine and homogenize the ferrite grain, and the zonal pearlite will disperse more dispersedly in the ferrite matrix. The addition of rare earth elements can improve the mechanical properties of steel, so that the tensile strength increased by 6%, yield strength increased by 8%, cross-sectional reduction and elongation have increased. Through the macro and micro morphological analysis of tensile fracture, the fracture of A36 rare earth steel showed ductile fracture, the fracture dimples became deeper and smaller and the spherical inclusions appeared at the bottom of dimple. According to EDS analysis, the inclusions were mainly RE Sulfur oxides and aluminates.