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肿瘤患者常发生进行性体重下降和营养不良,其原因不外①恶性肿瘤组织迅速生长可消耗大量营养;②肿瘤产生毒素引起恶心呕趾、厌食、发热等症状,尤其是胃肠道癌直接使营养摄入减少。此外在肿瘤治疗过程中,手术造成的创伤,合并症的出现,放疗、化疗引起消化系统损伤和副作用等等均直接或间接地既增加消耗又影响营养的摄入。有人建议肿瘤病人营养不良的定义为:①短期内体重不明原因地减轻10磅以上;②血清白蛋白浓度低于3.4g%;③皮肤对抗原的反应阴性。Buzby更进一步提高评价病人营养状况的指标,代号为PNI(Prognostic NutritionalIndex)。其公式为: PNI(%)=158′-16.6ALB-0.78TSF-0.20TFN-5.8DH ALB为血浆白蛋白(g%),TSF为三头肌周径(mm),TFN为血浆转氨酶水平(mg%),DH为对腮腺病毒、SKSO、白色念球菌三种回忆抗原的皮肤迟发超敏反应情况,(三种均无反应为0,对一种以上抗原反应<5mm为1,>,5mm为2)。
Cancer patients often suffer from progressive weight loss and malnutrition, but the reason is that a rapid growth of malignant tissue can consume a lot of nutrition; 2 tumors produce toxins cause nausea and vomiting, anorexia, fever and other symptoms, especially the direct use of gastrointestinal cancer Reduced nutritional intake. In addition, in the course of tumor treatment, the trauma caused by surgery, the occurrence of complications, and the damage to the digestive system and side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy all directly and indirectly both increase consumption and affect the intake of nutrients. It has been suggested that malnutrition in cancer patients is defined as: 1 short-term weight loss more than 10 pounds in unexplained reasons; 2 serum albumin concentration is lower than 3.4g%; 3 negative skin reaction to antigen. Buzby further improved the evaluation of the patient’s nutritional status indicators, code-named PNI (Prognostic NutritionalIndex). The formula is: PNI(%)=158’-16.6ALB-0.78TSF-0.20TFN-5.8DH ALB is plasma albumin (g%), TSF is triceps circumference (mm), TFN is plasma transaminase level ( Mg%), DH is the late-onset skin hypersensitivity reaction to the three recall antigens of salivary gland adenovirus, SKSO, and candida albicans, (there is no response for three kinds of reactions, and the response to more than one antigen is <5mm for 1,> 5mm is 2).