进化论曾经长期地影响了有关少数族群文明的研究,社会进化论者强调社会的单一方向发展,在这种分析框架下,山地和游牧文明都被看作是落后的经济形态。在山地以刀耕火种为主要形式的游耕和在草原以季节性利用草场为主要特征的游牧,往往被看作是落后的。然而在斯科特和拉铁摩尔的分析中,他们并不认可这种判断,在他们 Evolution has long influenced the study of minority civilizations. Social evolutionists emphasize the single direction of society. Under this framework, both mountainous and nomadic civilizations are regarded as backward economic forms. Nomadic pastoralism, the dominant form of slash-and-burn farming in the mountains and the seasonal use of pastures in the prairies, are often viewed as backward. However, in the analysis of Scott and Lattimore, they did not approve of this judgment in their