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SPS措施是WTO框架下农产品贸易的主要非关税措施。进口国设立SPS作为一种产品质量门槛,其遵从成本首先影响企业的市场进入行为,进而影响其贸易流量。发达国家的出口企业在资金、人才、技术和供应链系统方面更具有遵从的优势,贸易可能由发展中国家转向发达国家。对SPS措施贸易偏转效应的实证检验发现,在SPS措施实施的第一和第二年,贸易偏转效应不明显,原因在于SPS协议对发展中国家有区别对待原则,且农产品生产的区域特征明显。但在SPS措施实施的第三和第四年,农产品进口来源由发展中国家转向发达国家,存在贸易偏转效应。作为农产品出口国,这要求中国的出口企业提高技术水平,增加农产品产业链的固定投资,以遵从国外SPS措施为契机,提高农产品质量层次。
SPS measures are the main non-tariff measures for the trade of agricultural products under the WTO framework. Importing countries to establish SPS as a product quality threshold, the compliance costs will affect the market entry behavior of enterprises, thereby affecting their trade flows. Export-oriented enterprises in developed countries have more compliance advantages in capital, talent, technology and supply chain systems, and trade may shift from developing countries to developed countries. The empirical test on the trade deflation effect of SPS measures shows that the trade deflation effect is not obvious in the first and second years of implementing SPS measures due to the principle that the SPS agreement treats developing countries differently and the regional characteristics of agricultural products production are obvious. However, in the third and fourth year of SPS measures, the import of agricultural products shifted from developing countries to developed countries, with trade deflation effect. As an exporter of agricultural products, this requires Chinese exporters to raise their technological level and increase their fixed investment in the industrial chain of agricultural products so as to take advantage of SPS measures taken by foreign countries as an opportunity to improve the quality of agricultural products.