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木质纤维素材料具有储量丰富、原料成本低及可再生等优点,人们期望其能替代石油作为原料来生产多种燃料和化学品,如生物柴油、生物氢、生物乙醇等,而木质纤维素解聚过程的高成本成为实现这一过程的主要障碍。一体化生物加工过程(Consolidated bioprocessing,CBP)是指在不添加任何外源水解酶的情况下,直接将木质纤维素原料一步转化为生物化学品的生物加工过程。通过基因工程,将水解酶的生成、木质纤维素的降解和生物产品的生产等功能集成到一个生物体上。对于CBP,人们通常有两种策略可供选择,即本地策略和重组策略。文中重点介绍了基于重组策略的CBP的原理、两种不同的应对方式、合成生物学及代谢工程对其的贡献以及未来所面临的挑战与展望。
Lignocellulosic material has the advantages of rich reserves, low raw material cost and renewable. It is expected that it will be able to produce a variety of fuels and chemicals such as biodiesel, bio-hydrogen and bio-ethanol instead of petroleum as the raw material, while lignocellulosic solution The high cost of the poly process becomes a major obstacle to this process. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) refers to the bioprocessing process that transforms lignocellulosic raw materials directly into biochemicals without the addition of any exogenous hydrolase. Through genetic engineering, hydrolase activity, lignocellulose degradation and biological products production and other functions integrated into an organism. For CBP, people usually have two kinds of strategies to choose from, namely local strategy and reorganization strategy. This article focuses on the principle of CBP based on recombination strategy, two different coping styles, the contribution of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to the CBP, and the challenges and prospects it faces in the future.