论文部分内容阅读
黄津海平原上的河流、湖泊和海岸线,千百年来发生着巨大的变化。研究这些变化的规律,对该地区的水资源开发,国土规划和工农业生产有着重要意义。利用多时相的多种遥感资料,结合光学与计算机匹配和增强分析,可以比常规调查方法更快,更准确地识别出水域演变的“痕迹”,与历史记录资料进行对比,可以恢复古代水域的演变特征。对于水域短期内变化的定量监测,遥感技术更具有明显的优越性。通过多时期遥感资料分析,黄河三角洲自1855年以来,平均造陆率为23.7平方公里/年;白洋淀的水面从1961—1985年减少了426.6平方公里。通过遥感资料系统分析黄准海平原水域的变化表明,本区河流的改道频率在人工控制下越来越小;湖泊的水面逐年减少;海岸线在河口地区继续向海淤进。在整个水域变化过程中,历史时期,黄河的演变影响着其它水域的变化;而近代以来,人类的活动对水域的演变起着越来越大的作用。如白洋淀近年的干淀就与工农业用水增加、大量围垦等人类的主要活动有关。
The rivers, lakes and coasts of the Yellow Sea plain have undergone tremendous changes for thousands of years. Studying the laws of these changes is of great significance to the development of water resources, land planning and industrial and agricultural production in the region. Using multiple remote sensing data from multiple phases, combined with optical and computer matching and enhancement analysis, “traces” of watershed evolution can be identified more quickly and accurately than with routine surveys and compared to historical data to restore ancient Evolutionary features. For the quantitative monitoring of short-term changes in the water, remote sensing technology has more obvious advantages. According to the analysis of remote sensing data in many years, the average land-use ratio of the Yellow River Delta since 2355 is 23.7 km 2 / year; the surface water of Baiyangdian Lake is reduced by 426.6 km 2 from 1961-1985. The analysis of Huangzhunhai plain water by remote sensing data system shows that the frequency of diversion of the rivers in this area is getting smaller and smaller under the artificial control; the water surface of the lake decreases year by year; and the shoreline continues silting in the estuary. During the whole process of water change, the evolution of the Yellow River affected the changes of other waters during the historical period. In modern times, human activities played an increasingly important role in the evolution of water areas. For example, the dry lake in recent years in Baiyangdian is related to the major human activities such as the increase of industrial and agricultural water use, large-scale reclamation and so on.