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利用室内人工降雨试验研究降雨强度和坡度对塿土水分入渗状况的影响及其作用机理,并用数学方法对土壤入渗率与累积入渗量随时间变化过程进行数学模拟。试验结果表明:雨强对降雨入渗率及累积入渗量有显著影响。雨强在20~90 mm h-1之间,雨强越大,塿土初始入渗率越高,达到稳定的时间越短,土壤的稳定入渗率由于主要受制于土壤特性,因而各降雨强度间差异不显著;累积入渗量变化表现为随降雨强度增大而减少;坡度对土壤入渗率及累积入渗量基本无影响。运用数学模型对土壤入渗率及累积入渗量的变化过程进行模拟,结果表明,Kostiakov经验模型与自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)两种模型均可用于模拟土壤入渗性能的变化过程,拟合精度均较高。
The effects of rainfall intensity and slope on water infiltration in loam soil were studied by indoor artificial rainfall experiment. Mathematical simulation was made on the process of soil infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration with time. The test results show that rainfall intensity has a significant effect on rainfall infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate. The rainfall intensity is between 20 and 90 mm h-1. The larger the rainfall intensity is, the higher the initial soil infiltration rate is and the shorter the stable time is. The stable infiltration rate of soil is mainly controlled by the soil characteristics, There was no significant difference between the two intensities. The variation of cumulative infiltration rate decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity. The slope had little effect on soil infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate. The mathematical model was used to simulate the process of soil infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration. The results showed that both Kostiakov empirical model and ARIMA model can be used to simulate the process of soil infiltration. The accuracy is higher.