论文部分内容阅读
苏联十月革命胜利后,对外贸易实行了国有化即对外贸易垄断制。在当时的历史条件下,国家对外贸易垄断的实行使得苏联经济潜力特别是国防潜力不断增强,以致于成为世界超级强国之一。随着时间的流逝,这种垄断制已不适应国际经济和国际市场的日益变化。于是1991年苏联解体后叶利钦废除了对外贸易垄断制,开始实行自由化。但是实行自由化的主要问题表现在:贸易顺差不断扩大、外汇收入落入到少数私有者手中、国家经济衰退、债务日益增多、资源严重遭到破坏等等。基于这些存在的问题,作者大胆提出了俄罗斯应对部分主要商品进出口实行对外贸易垄断制设想,这既符合WTO的有关规则又能复苏俄罗斯经济,更是俄罗斯发展对外贸易的唯一选择。
After the victory of the October Revolution in the Soviet Union, the foreign trade was nationalized, that is, monopolized by foreign trade. Under the historical conditions of that time, the national monopoly of foreign trade made the Soviet Union’s economic potential, especially that of the national defense, continuously enhanced so that it became one of the world’s super-powers. With the passage of time, this monopoly system has not adapted to the ever-changing international economy and the international market. Thus, after the Soviet Union’s dissolution in 1991, Yeltsin abolished the foreign trade monopoly and began to liberalize. However, the main problems of liberalization are manifested in the continuous expansion of the trade surplus, the fall of foreign exchange earnings into the hands of minority owners, the country’s economic downturn, increasing debts and the serious destruction of resources. Based on these existing problems, the author boldly put forward the proposal of Russia to cope with the monopoly of foreign trade on the import and export of some major commodities. This not only meets the relevant rules of the WTO but also restores the Russian economy and is the only option Russia can develop in foreign trade.