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黏弹性表面活性剂(VES)在石油工业的完井和油气增产的流体中得到广泛应用。表面活性剂有序地堆积成棒状结构,增加了常规压裂和压裂充填流体的黏度。然而,漏失度的偏高和随着温度的升高黏度的急剧降低限制了VES流体在压裂和压裂充填中的应用。本文将介绍一种纳米技术在VES流体中的应用,能维持流体在高温下的高黏度和降低滤失性,而不造成对油层伤害。对纳米颗粒的研究显示出其奇异的表面形貌和高的表面反应性。这些纳米尺寸颗粒通过化学吸附和表面电荷吸引,与VES胶束缔合达到: ①高温下稳定流体黏度; ②稠的VES流体形成假滤饼,明显地降低滤失量,提高流体的流体效率。当使用内部破胶剂破除VES胶束时,流体会迅速降低其黏度,假滤饼迅速破裂成纳米级的颗粒。由于这种破碎后的颗粒足够小,能通过生产层的孔隙喉道,它们将随生产出的流体一起返排,所以不造成油层伤害。VES流体的流变、滤失和岩心流动实验将在65·6 ℃和121·1 ℃下测试结果。
Viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) are widely used in the oil industry for completion and oil and gas production fluids. Surfactants are sequentially packed into rod-like structures, increasing the viscosity of conventional fracturing and fracturing packing fluids. However, the high degree of leakage and the sharp decrease of viscosity with increasing temperature limit the application of VES fluid in fracturing and fracturing filling. This article describes the use of nanotechnology in VES fluids to maintain the fluid’s high viscosity at high temperatures and to reduce fluid loss without causing oil layer damage. Studies on nanoparticles show their singular surface topography and high surface reactivity. These nano-sized particles associate with VES micelles by chemisorption and surface charge attraction to: (1) Stable fluid viscosity at high temperature; (2) Dense VES fluid forms false filter cake, significantly reducing fluid loss and increasing fluid fluid efficiency. When using an internal breaker to break VES micelles, the fluid rapidly reduces its viscosity and the false filter cake rapidly breaks down into nanoscale particles. Since this crushed particle is small enough to pass through the pore throats of the production layer, they will be returned with the produced fluid and so will not cause oil damage. VES fluid rheology, fluid loss and core flow experiments will be at 65.6 ℃ and 121.1 ℃ test results.