在两年录得不俗业绩后,欧洲航空公司目前正面临一系列挑战。这令小型航空公司,特别是那些商业模式不够效率的个体,例如国有航空公司,发现自身难以续存。这些挑战包括:其一,经济危机驱使欧洲政府出台严苛的财政政策,这对可支配收入造成立竿见影的打击,从而减低了对航空出行的需求。其二,不少银行也大削面向航空公司的贷款额,对依赖内部增长来降低平均单位成本的小型航空公司而言,现在能获得信贷支持少之又少。其三,廉价航空在东南欧的扩张令传统航空公司进一步承压。最后,航空煤油价格一直上升,而与价格走势相对平静的2011年比,估计今年波动会很大。在欧盟加大对各国非法国家补贴的打击之际,那些把国家财政作为主要资金来源的国有航空,很自然在近期走向破产。 After two years of impressive performance, European Airlines is currently facing a series of challenges. This makes small airlines, especially those that are less efficient at business models, such as state-owned airlines, finding themselves unsustainable. These challenges include: First, the economic crisis has driven European governments to introduce harsh fiscal policies that have led to immediate impact on disposable income, thereby reducing the need for air travel. Second, many banks also slash airline-oriented loans. For small airlines that rely on internal growth to reduce their average unit costs, credit support is scarcer now. Third, the expansion of low-cost airlines in South-Eastern Europe has given the traditional airlines further pressure. Finally, the price of aviation kerosene has been on the rise. However, compared with the relatively calm price trend in 2011, it is estimated that there will be a great fluctuation this year. As the EU stepped up its crackdown on illegal state subsidies in various countries, it is natural that state-owned aviation, which uses state finances as its main source of funding, will naturally go bankrupt in the near future.