炎性结节是面部注射填充后的并发症之一，过去常归因于过敏反应或异物反应。然近年来发现细菌生物膜感染可能才是致病原因。该文描述了生物膜的性质及其引起软组织填充材料注射后炎性结节的证据，总结了其诊断、治疗及预防的研究进展。“,”With the popularity of soft tissue fillers, more and more complications have been reported. Inflammatory nodules is one of the complications that had long been considered to be an allergic reaction or response to the filler material as a foreign body. But it has been attributed to bacterial biofilms infection in recent years. This paper describes the nature of biofilms and the evidence that implicates them in inflammatory nodules after injection, and summarizes the research progress on its diagnosis, treatment and prevention.