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为明确种子大小与冬小麦产量形成的关系,根据粒径大小分为大粒(粒径>3.35mm)、中粒(粒径为2.36~3.35mm)、小粒(粒径<2.36mm)三级,以不分级的种子作为对照(CK),研究种子大小对小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,大、中粒冬小麦种子处理的产量分别较对照显著增产2.8%、4.2%,而小粒种子处理的产量显著降低。大、中粒种子处理穗数分别较对照显著增加3.6%、4.7%,对穗粒数、千粒重和穗部性状无显著影响。进一步分析表明,大、中粒种子处理苗期干物质重分别增加28.6%、7.1%,单株叶面积分别增加16.0%、2.9%,有利于分蘖生长,冬前群体茎蘖数分别增加7.9%、1.9%,拔节期茎蘖数分别增加15.2%、8.2%。综合分析,小麦种子粒径大于2.36mm,可获得较高的产量。
In order to clarify the relationship between the seed size and the yield of winter wheat, according to the size of the seed, the size of the seed is divided into three types: large grain (> 3.35mm), medium grain (2.36-3.35mm) and small grain (<2.36mm) Non-graded seeds were used as a control (CK) to study the effects of seed size on wheat growth and yield. The results showed that the seed yield of large and medium grain winter wheat increased significantly by 2.8% and 4.2%, respectively, compared with the control, while the yield of small grain seed treatment decreased significantly. The spikelets numbers of large and medium seeds were significantly increased by 3.6% and 4.7%, respectively, compared with the control, but had no significant effect on the number of spikelets, 1000-grain weight and panicle traits. Further analysis showed that the dry matter weight of seedlings treated with large and medium seeds increased by 28.6% and 7.1% respectively, and the leaf area per plant increased by 16.0% and 2.9% respectively, which was beneficial to the tillering growth. The number of stems and tillers increased by 7.9% , 1.9% respectively. The number of tillers at the jointing stage increased by 15.2% and 8.2% respectively. Comprehensive analysis, wheat seed diameter greater than 2.36mm, can obtain higher yield.