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目的：探索我国汉族人群人类白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）等位基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）的易感性。方法：对ＣＯＰＤ组及对照组进行ＨＬＡ分型和临床研究。结果：ＣＯＰＤ组ＨＬＡ－ＡＷ３０／３１，ＨＬＡ－ＢＷ５４位点抗原频率较对照组明显增高（频率４１％、３１％，相对危险率分别是９．０９和１０．９１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＷ３０／３１阳性者病程长，肺功能呈混合性通气障碍，多伴呼吸衰竭。伴副鼻窦炎者２３％（５／２２），ＴＢＬＢ呈肺泡上皮增生变厚，肺泡壁纤维组织弥漫增生。ＢＷ５４阳性者，病程相对短，肺功能呈重度阻塞性和轻度限制性通气障碍。伴副鼻窦炎者６０％（６／１０）。ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８升高，ＩｇＡ增加。ＴＢＬＢ呈淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润、增生，少量纤维化。结论：ＣＯＰＤ与ＡＷ３０／３１，ＢＷ５４位点抗原密切相关——即具有ＡＷ３０／３１，ＢＷ５４抗原的人群易患ＣＯＰＤ。ＢＷ５４位点阳性者，可能是弥漫性泛细支气管炎。它们的确混淆在ＣＯＰＤ之中。
Objective: To explore the susceptibility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese Han population. Methods: HLA typing and clinical study of COPD group and control group. Results: The frequency of HLA-AW30 / 31 and HLA-BW54 loci in COPD patients was significantly higher than that in controls (frequency 41%, 31%, relative risk 9.09 and 10.91, respectively; P <0.01). AW30 / 31-positive long course of disease, pulmonary function was mixed ventilation disorders, often accompanied by respiratory failure. Accompanied by sinusitis were 23% (5/22), TBLB showed alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and thickening, alveolar wall fibrovascular proliferation. BW54 positive, relatively short duration of pulmonary function was severe obstruction and mild restrictive ventilation disorders. With sinusitis 60% (6/10). CD4 / CD8 increased, IgA increased. TBLB lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration, hyperplasia, a small amount of fibrosis. Conclusion: COPD is closely related to AW30 / 31 and BW54 loci antigens - that is, COPD is predominant in those with AW30 / 31 and BW54 antigens. BW54-positive, may be diffuse bronchiolitis. They are indeed confused among COPD.