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【目的】对小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.)和印度橡胶榕(Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem.)气生根进行生药学鉴别。【方法】采集小叶榕与印度橡胶榕新鲜的气生根作为样品,采用体视镜进行外观形态鉴别;采用显微镜对气生根根被表面、根尖横切面、根尖后部横纵切面及粉末结构特征进行显微鉴别。【结果】形态鉴别:小叶榕气生根数目多于印度橡胶榕,直径小于印度橡胶榕;小叶榕气生根根尖淡黄色至黄白色,有灰白色或黄白色皮孔,而印度橡胶榕根尖浅黄色或黄色,有棕色的皮孔。显微特征鉴别:小叶榕与印度橡胶榕气生根根尖及根尖后部横切面显微结构可见初生木质部束不同,小叶榕为五至七原型,印度橡胶榕为六至十一原型;二者根部纵切面均可见无节不分枝乳汁管,但印度橡胶榕乳汁管直径略大于小叶榕,大多聚生;小叶榕粉末为红棕色,主要以螺纹导管为主,常见具缘纹孔导管,而印度橡胶榕粉末为黄棕色,纤维颜色较浅,接近无色透明,常有簇晶排列成行,主要以单列小型和大型成片的具缘纹孔导管为主。【结论】研究结果可为小叶榕和印度橡胶榕气生根的药材鉴定及开发利用提供依据。
【Objective】 Biopharmaceutical identification of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem. 【Method】 The fresh aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa and Ficus microcarpa were collected as samples, and the morphological appearance of the aerial parts of Ficus microcarpa was observed by using stereo microscope. The microstructure was used to analyze the appearance of aerial root, the cross section of root tip, Features microscopic identification. 【Result】 Morphological identification: The number of Gossypium tenuiflora was more than that of Indian Ficus, and the diameter was smaller than that of Indian Ficus. The root tip of Gracilaria tenuiflora was light yellow to yellow-white with gray or yellow-white lenticels. Yellow or yellow with brown leather holes. Micro-characteristics identification: Ficus microcephatoni and Indian rubber gas root tip and apical posterior microstructure can be seen different primary xylem beam, Ficus is five to seven prototype, Indian rubber Ficus six to eleven prototype; However, the diameter of latex tube of Indian rubber Ficus was slightly larger than that of Ficus microcarpa, most of which were polygamous. The powder of Ficus microcarpa was reddish-brown mainly composed mainly of threaded catheters, , While the Indian rubber Yarum powder yellowish brown, lighter fiber color, close to colorless and transparent, often cluster arranged in rows, mainly in small and large into a single sheet with margined pits dominated. 【Conclusion】 The results provide the basis for the identification, development and utilization of the medicinal materials of Ficus volubilis and Indian rubber.