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海盗一直是主权国家海上贸易的最大威胁之一。索马里海盗对各国商船的一系列劫掠事件以及去年各国纷纷派遣舰队打击活跃在亚丁湾海域的索马里海盗的行动,说明了国际法在应对和惩治海盗罪方面的不足。联合国安理会1816号决议以限制索马里政府国家主权的特别方式授权各国积极打击海盗。这一特别措施虽然仅仅针对索马里海盗适用,但却在法律上引起了很多问题,突出表现在:海盗罪定义的扩大、对海盗罪的管辖权以及国家在领海内防止和惩治海盗的谨慎注意义务。本文以安理会1816号决议为基础着重分析上述关于海盗罪的新的法律问题。
Pirates have always been one of the biggest threats to the maritime trade of sovereign nations. A series of looting by Somali pirates on merchant ships in various countries and the dispatch of fleets by various countries last year to crack down on Somali pirates active in the Gulf of Aden illustrate the inadequacies of international law in coping and punishing piracy. Resolution 1816 of the UN Security Council empowers all nations to combat piracy aggressively in a special way that limits the national sovereignty of the Somali government. This special measure, although applicable only to Somali pirates, has caused many legal problems, notably in the following areas: the expansion of the definition of piracy, the jurisdiction over piracy and the State’s cautious duty of care in preventing and punishing pirates in the territorial sea . Based on Security Council Resolution 1816, this article focuses on the analysis of the new legal issues concerning piracy.