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目的探讨达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准(以下简称达标)10年后人群血吸虫病病情,评价其防治效果和今后防治策略。方法对达标10年地区采用ELISA法检测人群血清抗血吸虫抗体水平,并用改良Kato-Katz法粪检血吸虫卵,进行定量观察和比较。结果达标10年地区人群粪检未查到血吸虫虫卵(0/3440),血清抗血吸虫抗体阳性率为3.50%(132/3770),男性和女性分别为4.36%(78/1788)和2.72%(54/1982),人群抗血吸虫抗体OD均值为0.068±0.056,其中男性为0.072±0.058,女性为0.065±0.054,前者显著高于后者(P<0.01);6~20岁,21~35岁,36~50岁和51~65岁年龄组抗血吸虫抗体阳性率分别为0.33%(2/609)、0.55%(4/731)、3.79%(53/1399)和7.08%(73/1031),抗血吸虫抗体OD均值分别为0.048±0.030、0.052±0.032、0.071±0.060和0.087±0.068,除6~20岁与21~35岁年龄组在抗体阳性率和抗体OD均值方面无显著性差异外(P>0.05),其余各年龄组抗体水平在统计学上均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论达标10年地区人群血吸虫病情稳定,未发现粪检阳性病人,但人群抗血吸虫抗体水平消减缓慢,在一定时期仍长期存在,且不同性别及年龄人群抗体水平仍与其暴露于原危险因素的机率有关,建议在加强输入性传染源和钉螺监测的同时加强对历史病人的清查和治疗。
Objective To investigate the status of schistosomiasis in the population after reaching the standard of blocking transmission of schistosomiasis (hereinafter referred to as standard) for 10 years and evaluate its control effect and future prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Serum anti-schistosoma japonicum antibody levels were measured by ELISA in 10 years of compliance. Quantitative observation and comparison were made by using the modified Kato-Katz method for fecal examination of schistosome eggs. Results The results showed that the positive rate of antibody against schistosoma japonicum was 3.50% (132/3770), while the male and female were 4.36% (78/1788) and 2.72% (54/1982). The average OD value of anti-schistosome antibodies in the population was 0.068 ± 0.056, of which 0.072 ± 0.058 in males and 0.065 ± 0.054 in females, the former was significantly higher than the latter (P <0.01) The positive rates of anti-schistosoma antibody in the age group of 36 to 50 years old and 51 to 65 years old were 0.33% (2/609), 0.55% (4/731), 3.79% (53/1399) and 7.08% (73/1031 ), And the mean value of OD of anti-schistosome antibodies were 0.048 ± 0.030, 0.052 ± 0.032, 0.071 ± 0.060 and 0.087 ± 0.068, respectively. There was no significant difference in antibody positive rate and antibody OD between 6 ~ 20 and 21 ~ 35 age groups (P> 0.05). The antibody levels of other age groups were statistically significant (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Schistosomiasis is stable in 10-year population. No stool-positive patients were found. However, anti-schistosoma antibody levels in humans were slowed down and persisted for a certain period of time. Antibody levels in different sexes and age groups still remained at odds of exposure to the original risk factors It is proposed to step up the inventory and treatment of historical patients while strengthening the surveillance of sexually transmitted infections and snails.