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中国糯玉米又称蜡质玉米或粘玉米,体细胞染色体数2n=20。它是玉米引入中国后在我国形成的新类型,这是我国所特有的,当今举世公认。据统计,我国有糯玉米品种500多个,主要品种有腾冲糯包谷、新平白糯、巧家药麓糯包谷,宜山糯、桥头糯、花丝糯、岭巩白糯、青秆粘、平利糯玉米和黄粘玉米等。一、中国糯玉米的形成在我国西南的自然环境和栽培条件下,硬粒型玉米产生基因突变而形成糯玉米。据研究报道,在第9对染色体短臂上靠近着丝点(9～59)处,基因Wx变成ωx,经过自交分离筛选之后,得到了纯合隐性基因ωx控制的糯玉米。其植株和子粒外部形态与一般硬粒型玉米相似,只是种子的胚乳全部由支链淀粉组成,不透明,呈蜡质状,为糯性。
China waxy corn, also known as waxy corn or sticky corn, somatic chromosome number 2n = 20. It is a new type of corn that has been formed in our country after it was introduced to China. This is unique to our country and is universally acknowledged today. According to statistics, there are more than 500 varieties of waxy maize in China. The main varieties are Tengchong Waxu Package Valley, Xinping White Waxy, Qiaojiayutuluo Waxing Valley, Yishannuo, Qiaotou Waxy, Waxy Glory, Linggong White Waxy, Waxy corn and yellow sticky corn. First, the formation of China’s waxy corn In China’s natural environment and cultivation conditions in the southwest, the generation of corn-type corn mutation and the formation of waxy corn. According to the report, the gene Wx becomes ωx near the centromere (9 ~ 59) on the short arm of chromosome 9, and the waxy maize with homozygous recessive gene ωx is obtained after self-isolation and screening. The external morphology of the plant and grain similar to the general hard corn, but the seed endosperm all composed of amylopectin, opaque, waxy, waxy.