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为获知不同罗非鱼养殖方式下水体中异味物质组成及含量变化,于2013年5月、8月和10月期间对海南文昌1座水库和6处全投料精养池塘,以及广东茂名3座水库、6处全投料精养池塘和6处立体养殖池塘(罗非鱼和家猪立体养殖)的养殖水体进行采样,利用吹扫捕集结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(P&T-GC-MS)对水体主要土腥味物质:土臭素(geosmin,GSM)和二甲基异莰醇(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)进行定量分析检测。结果发现:2-MIB为两地养殖水体中主要致嗅物质,含量为0~65.61μg/L;少量采样点检出GSM,含量为0~11.77μg/L。在3种养殖模式(水库、精养池塘和鱼猪立体养殖池塘)中,两种异味物质的分布均为水库最低,精养池塘次之,鱼猪立体养殖池塘最高,且两两之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。不同养殖时间及养殖地区间异味浓度差异不显著。结果表明,养殖模式会对养殖水体的异味物质含量造成影响,鱼猪立体池塘养殖模式的异味物质来源复杂,更易产生严重的土腥味。
In order to know the composition and content of malodorous substances in different tilapia farming methods, a total of 6 hydrological reservoirs, one reservoir in Wenchang, Hainan, and three fully-fed ponds in Hainan Province, and three in Maoming, Guangdong Province, were surveyed in May, August and October 2013, A total of 6 aquaculture ponds and 6 aquaculture ponds (tilapia and domestic pigs) were sampled for aquaculture water using a combination of purge and trap with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (P & T-GC-MS ) Was used to quantitatively detect the major soil odorous substances in geomaterials: geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). The results showed that 2-MIB was the major olfactory substance in the farmed waters, with a content of 0-65.61μg / L; a few samples were detected with GSM content of 0-11.77μg / L. In the three farming modes (reservoirs, intensive ponds and three-dimensional culture ponds for fish and pigs), the distribution of the two kinds of malodorous substances is the lowest in the reservoirs, the second in the intensive ponds, the highest in the three-dimensional ponds for fish and pigs, Significant difference (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in odor concentration between different culture time and culture area. The results showed that the model of breeding would affect the content of malodorous substances in aquaculture water, and the source of malodorous substances in fish-pond three-dimensional pond aquaculture model was more complicated, which would cause more serious soil smell.