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由于动力电池换电过程所需时长远小于充电过程、动力电池充电便于统一管理等优点,动力电池换电模式成为电动汽车能量补充的重要方式。本文考虑公交车发车规律,对可就地向动力电池组充电的公交车换电站的容量优化配置展开研究。首先介绍换电站的系统结构,提出平均延迟发车时间的评价指标;然后分析换电站充电以及换电状态的时序仿真模型,计算评价指标;构建以设备年成本为目标函数、换电站规模和平均延迟发车要求为约束的数学模型;采用微分进化算法对数学模型进行求解;最后对算例进行优化配置,计算换电站不同延迟要求下的平均延迟发车时间指标,并对配置结果敏感性进行分析。
Because the time required for power battery replacement is much shorter than that of the charging process and the power battery charging is convenient for unified management, the battery power conversion mode becomes an important way of energy supplement for electric vehicles. In this paper, bus departure rules are considered, and the optimization of the capacity of buses for on-site charging of battery packs is studied. Firstly, the system structure of the substation is introduced and the evaluation index of the average delay in departure time is proposed. Then, the time series simulation model of substation charging and the state of charge exchange is analyzed to calculate the evaluation index. The annual cost of equipment is taken as the objective function, and the scale and average delay The mathematic model of the requirement of departure is constrained; the differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the mathematical model; finally, the optimal allocation of the examples is calculated, the average delay departure time under different delay requirements of the substation is calculated, and the sensitivity of configuration results is analyzed.