核苷类似物为一类重要的抗肿瘤药物,占据抗癌市场近五分之一份额。本文根据药物化学结构和药理机制进行分类,在介绍已上市药物的基础上,对目前国际上新型抗癌药物、有应用前景的相关核苷类似物进行分类综述。重点关注近年来核苷类抗肿瘤药物的最新研究进展,各种前沿药物的作用机制及特点,同时简介未上市的核苷类抗癌药物的相关信息。 Nucleoside analogs are a class of important antitumor drugs, accounting for nearly a fifth of the anticancer market share. Based on the classification of drug’s chemical structure and pharmacological mechanism, based on the introduction of the drugs already on the market, this article reviews the current international novel anticancer drugs, the related nucleoside analogues with potential applications. It focuses on the recent research progress of nucleoside antitumor drugs in recent years, the mechanism and characteristics of various leading drugs, and introduces the related information of unlisted nucleoside anticancer drugs.