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本文概览了澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、香港等四个主要的环太平洋普通法系国家和地区的传闻法律改革,尤其关注与先前不一致陈述相关的改革。指出先前不一致陈述事关“被告人获得公平对待”以及“证人的人权”等基本原则,因此,如何对待先前不一致陈述将成为一项有效的指标,通过该指标。我们得以评价传闻法律改革中的关键原则以及个人权利在大多数严重犯罪的起诉、审判过程中的境况。认为无论借助成文法还是借助先例,公正的传闻法改革应当适用某些相互一致的基本原则,包括放宽采纳传闻的条件决不能以错案数量增长或不公正审判为代价,将传闻改革与保护被告人、证人的基本权利紧密联系起来,保护证人不受任何形式的强迫或不当侦查行为的干扰,辩护律师必须能够无拘束地对陈述可采性加以质疑,通过充分、及时地开示证据来分析有争议的证据的可采性等。
This article provides an overview of the rumored legal reforms in four major Pacific RCP countries and territories, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Hong Kong, with a particular focus on reforms related to previously inconsistent statements. Pointing out that previously inconsistent statements deal with the basic principles of “fair treatment of defendants” and “human rights of witnesses”, the treatment of inconsistent statements would be a valid indicator to adopt. We have been able to evaluate the key principles of rumored legal reform and the circumstances of the prosecution and trial of individual rights in most serious crimes. They believe that both a statutory hearsay and a precedent should be applied to reform the impartial hearsay law. Some basic principles that are consistent with each other should be applied. Including the easing of the conditions for adopting rumors should never be conducted at the expense of increasing the number of misjudged cases or unfair trials, Closely linked to the basic rights of witnesses are the protection of witnesses from any form of coercion or improper investigation. Defense lawyers must be able to challenge the admissibility of statements and analyze the issue through full and timely disclosure of evidence The admissibility of evidence and so on.