日本一个多地震、多台风暴雨的国家，十分重视森林的防灾作用，早在明治时期就指定有防备水害的保安林，即水防林。水防林一般在河道两岸种植，形成林带，再在林带外侧修筑堤坝。水防林与堤坝不同，允许洪水在堤内泛滥，具有堤坝没有的特殊机能：①降低洪水的流速，防止地... In a multi-earthquake and typhoon-prone area in Japan, Japan attaches great importance to the disaster prevention role of forests. As early as the Meiji Period, it was designated as a security forest to prevent water damage, that is, water and forest protection. Water-resistant forests are generally planted on both banks of the river to form forest belts, and then dikes are built outside the forest belt. Different from dams, water-resistant forests allow floods to flood in the embankments, and have the special functions that dikes do not have: to reduce the velocity of floods and prevent them from falling into the water.