在思考存在的过程中,海德格尔持续关注人的本质问题。针对传统形而上学对人的定义,海德格尔直言人无本质。而他同时又说明,人的本质在于绽出的生存。前期的他力图重新定义“主体性”以替代传统形而上学的主体性。这一做法后来被他自己质疑,最终导致了他的“转向”。本文以真理为线索,试图揭示海德格尔前期对人的规定之得失,并考察他在后期如何通过存在的真理为人的本质奠基。最后试图说明,海德格尔提出的使人成其本质的方式对具体实践缺乏普遍的指导意义。 Heidegger is constantly concerned with the human nature in the process of thinking about existence. In view of the traditional definition of man in metaphysics, Heidegger directly speaks of the essence. At the same time, he also shows that the essence of human lies in the blooming existence. In the early period, he tried to redefine “subjectivity” instead of the traditional metaphysical subjectivity. This practice was later questioned by himself, eventually leading to his “turn ”. This article uses the truth as a clue to attempt to reveal the gains and losses of Heidegger’s predecessors’ provisions on man and to examine how he laid the foundation for human nature through the existing truth in the later period. Finally, it attempts to show that Heidegger’s approach of making people their essence lacks general guiding significance for concrete practice.