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诊断托卡马克及其他磁约束聚变装置等离子体电子温度分布的有效手段之一是测量其电子迴旋辐射谱。现在世界上各聚变实验室为此所使用的谱仪有两大类:一类是时序谱仪,其中有扫频外差接收机和各种扫描干涉仪(如法-玻干涉仪,迈克尔逊干涉仪等);另一类是多色仪(如光栅光谱仪)。谱仪的频率范围一般在毫米波和亚毫米波段。对时序谱仪的要求除具有一定的频带宽度和接收灵敏度外,最主要的是扫描速率(指完成一幅给定谱宽的测量所需的时间T_t)。目前以返波管为本振的扫频外差接收机扫描速率最高。如60—90GHz扫频仪,T_t=1—10ms。各种扫描干涉仪则由于采用机械扫描,速率较低。
One of the most effective ways to diagnose plasma temperature distribution in tokamaks and other magnetic confinement fusion devices is to measure their electron cyclotron spectrum. There are two types of spectrometers used by fusion laboratories in the world for this purpose. One is the timing spectrometer, which includes a frequency-swept heterodyne receiver and various scanning interferometers (such as the F-glass interferometer, Michelson Interferometer, etc.); the other is a multi-color instrument (such as grating spectrometer). The spectrometer’s frequency range is generally in millimeter and sub-millimeter bands. In addition to the requirements of the timing spectrometer has a certain frequency bandwidth and receiver sensitivity, the most important is the scan rate (referring to the time required to complete a given spectral width measurement T_t). At present, the sweep-frequency heterodyne receiver with the return-wave tube as the fundamental oscillator has the highest scanning rate. Such as 60-90GHz Sweep, T_t = 1-10ms. A variety of scanning interferometer due to the use of mechanical scanning, the rate is low.