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任何大于绝对零度的物体都发射红外线,它的波长约在0.75—1000微米之间。人体红外辐射主要在3—50微米之间,峰值波长为9.3微米。黑体是研究热辐射规律的理想辐射体。黑体积分辐射通量密度与温度关系遵守斯蒂芬-玻耳兹曼定律,辐射通量密度按波长分布,符合普郎克公式,辐射峰值波长遵守维恩定律,它们都与物体表面温度有关。我们以适当的方法运用这些热辐射定律就能测出物体的热辐射和温度,这就是辐射计、辐射温度计。 人体皮肤表面各处温度是不同的,不同的物体也有不同的温度,用辐射温度计逐点测量所观察视场内景物的温度,经过处理,以可见图象形式显示出景物的温度分布,如
Anything above zero absolute emits infrared and has a wavelength of about 0.75-1000 microns. Human infrared radiation mainly between 3-50 microns, the peak wavelength of 9.3 microns. Blackbody is the ideal radiator to study the law of thermal radiation. The relationship between black volume fraction flux and temperature follows the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The radiation flux density is wavelength-dependent and meets the Pringle’s formula. The radiation peak wavelength follows the Wien’s law, and they are all related to the surface temperature of the object. We use these methods of thermal radiation in an appropriate way to measure the thermal radiation and temperature of objects. This is the radiometer and radiation thermometer. The human body skin surface temperature is different everywhere, different objects also have different temperatures, with a radiation thermometer point-by-point measurement of the observed field of view of the scene temperature, after treatment, the visible image shows the scene temperature distribution, such as