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海德格尔晚年在《关于人本主义的书信》中对人本主义及其人格学说提出了强烈的批评,与之相比他在《现象学之基本问题》中对康德的人格学说则作了一定的肯定性诠释,阐发了康德对敬之情感的分析、对人格和物的划分所具有的现象学识度,但是也指出了康德的人格学说的局限性。以自由概念为线索我们可以看到海德格尔《存在与时间》中的生存论如何突破康德的人格学说。以自律为特征的人格的自由虽然具有超感性的崇高品格,但是具有片面性、现成性,而海德格尔的生存论则显示了一种创造性的、实际的、整体的此在绽出生存之自由。
In his later years, Heidegger strongly criticized humanism and his personality theory in his “epistle of humanism”. Compared with Kant’s personality theory, Heidegger made a strong criticism in “the basic problems of phenomenology” Certain positive interpretations, elucidated Kant’s analysis of the emotion of respect, the phenomenological understanding of the division of personality and object, but also pointed out the limitations of Kant’s theory of personality. Taking the concept of freedom as a clue, we can see how Heidegger’s existentialism in “Being and Time” breaks through Kant’s personality theory. Although the freedom of personality characterized by self-discipline has super-sensual lofty character, it has one-sidedness and ready-madeness, while Heidegger’s existentialism shows a creative, practical and overall freedom to bloom .