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为了给马铃薯田蚜虫种群监测及防治提供必要的基础,田间实地调查了呼和浩特地区马铃薯田蚜虫的种群动态。结果表明:呼和浩特地区马铃薯田中的蚜虫主要为桃蚜(Myzus persicae)和棉蚜(Aphis gossypii),其在田间的空间格局为聚集分布,分布的基本成分为个体群,且聚集强度随蚜虫密度的上升而下降。采用最优分割法将蚜虫种群动态划分为4个阶段:(1)初建期。6月上中旬,随着气温的上升和马铃薯幼苗的生长,有翅蚜逐渐迁入马铃薯田,蚜虫只分布在少数植株上、密度低、聚集强度较高;(2)缓慢增长期。6月下旬至7月中旬,随着蚜虫的繁殖,密度缓慢上升,蚜虫逐渐扩散,聚集强度高;(3)快速增长期。7月下旬至8月中旬,蚜虫繁殖迅速,蚜量急剧上升,蚜虫扩散至全田,聚集强度下降;(4)衰落期。8月下旬以后,随着温度下降和马铃薯植株老化枯死,有翅蚜大量迁出马铃薯田,蚜虫密度迅速下降,只有少数残株上有蚜虫,聚集强度有所回升。
In order to provide the necessary basis for the monitoring and control of aphids in potato fields, the population dynamics of potato aphids in Hohhot area were investigated on the spot. The results showed that the main aphids in the potato field were Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii in the field of Hohhot. The spatial distribution of the aphids was aggregated in the field and the basic components of the distribution were individual groups. Rise and fall. The optimal segmentation method was used to divide the aphid population into four stages: (1) The initial stage. In mid-June, with a rise in temperature and the growth of potato seedlings, aphids gradually moved into potato fields. Aphids were found on only a few plants with low density and higher aggregation intensity. (2) Slow growth phase. From late June to mid-July, with the propagation of aphids, the density gradually increased, and the aphids gradually spread and the aggregation intensity was high. (3) The rapid growth period. From late July to mid-August, the aphids propagated rapidly and the amount of aphids rose sharply. The aphids spread to the whole field and the aggregation intensity decreased. (4) The decline period. After late August, as the temperature dropped and the potato plants died, the winged aphids moved out of potato fields in a large amount. The density of aphids decreased rapidly. Only a few aphids were found on the stubble, and the aggregation intensity rose back.