我国盐碱地麦田主要分布在华北、西北、东北等地区,其面积3388万亩,约占全国小麦播种面积的8%。这类麦田由于盐碱危害,产量一般100斤左右,不足全国平均产量的一半。盐碱土主要是土壤中可溶性盐(氯化钠、硫酸钠)碱(碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠)过多,增加了土壤溶液的浓度,影响了小麦根系对水分养分的吸收,造成生理干旱。另外盐离子直接被吸收可毒害根系引起小麦死亡,钠离子多了造成土壤结构差。因此,盐碱土对小麦生长发育的影响是综合的,概括来说盐碱土有“碱、湿、凉、板、薄”五大特点。根据小麦苗期耐盐力弱和“盐随水来,盐随水去”的盐碱地发生发展规律,产生晚秋、早春两次土壤返盐高峰,随之引起两次死苗高潮。因此,怎样做到“保全苗、促壮苗”是盐碱地小麦栽培的主要任务。根据已有经验如能针对盐碱地小麦生长的特点,采取有效措施,当年就可以大幅度增 China’s saline-alkali wheat fields are mainly distributed in North China, Northwest China, Northeast China and other regions, with an area of ​​33.88 million mu, accounting for about 8% of the country’s sown area of ​​wheat. Due to the harm of salt and alkali, this type of wheat field generally yields about 100 kg, less than half of the national average. Saline-alkaline soil is mainly due to too much soluble salt (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate) alkali (sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate) in the soil, which increases the concentration of soil solution and affects the absorption of water and nutrients by the wheat roots and causes physiological drought. In addition salt ions can be absorbed directly to poison the root cause wheat death, sodium ions caused by the soil structure is poor. Therefore, the impact of saline-alkali soil on the growth and development of wheat is comprehensive. In summary, saline-alkali soil has five characteristics of “alkali, wet, cool, plate and thin”. According to the wheat seedling salt tolerance is weak and “salt with the water, the salt goes with the water to” the occurrence of the development of saline and alkali soil, resulting in late autumn, early spring twice return to salt peak, followed by two dead seedlings caused by the climax. Therefore, how to do “protect seedlings, promote strong seedlings” is the main task of wheat cultivation in saline land. According to the existing experience, if we can take effective measures against the characteristics of wheat growing in saline-alkali soil, then we can greatly increase