Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Scholia latifolia(S.latifolia)bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Africa.Methods:The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH),nitric oxide(NO),2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)and the ferric reducing agent.Total phenolics,flavonoids,flavonols and proanthocyanidins were also determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant.Results:The activities of plant extract against DPPH,ABTS and NO radicals were concentration dependent with IC_(50)value of 0.06,0.05 and 0.05 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the extract was greater than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene(BHT)and ascorbic acid which were used as standard drugs in a concentration dependent manner.The total phenolics content of the aqueous bark extract was(193.33±0.03 TE/g),followed by flavonoids(72.70±0.01 QE/g),proanthocyanidins|48.76±0.00 CE/g)and flavonols(47.76±0.21 QE/g).Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of percentage tannin(11.40±0.02),alkaloid(9.80±0.01),steroids(18.20±0.01),glycosides(29.80±0.01)and saponins(6.80±0.00).The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activities.Conclusions:Our findings provide evidence that the crude aqueous extract of S.latifolia is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines. Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Scholia latifolia (S. latifolia) bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Africa. Methods: The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of the plant was applied against 1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins were also determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant. Results: The activities of plant extract against DPPH, ABTS and NO radicals were concentration dependent with IC 50 value of 0.06 , 0.05 and 0.05 mg / mL, respectively. The reducing power of the extract was greater than that of butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid which were used as standard drugs in a responsive manner. The total phenolics content of the aqueous bark extract was (193.33 ± 0.03 TE / g) followed by flavonoids (72.70 ± 0.01 QE / g), proanthocyanidins (48.76 ± 0.00 CE / g) and flavonols (47.76 ± 0.21 QE / The results showed a positive linear correlation between these factors (10.40 ± 0.02), alkaloid (9.80 ± 0.01), steroids (18.20 ± 0.01), glycosides (29.80 ± 0.01) and saponins polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activities. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that the crude aqueous extract of S. latifolia is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines.