溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种与遗传、免疫、环境等多种因素相关的慢性肠道非特异性炎症性疾病。其具体病因、发病机制还不完全清楚,但近来一系列研究表明其发生与基因多态性所致的遗传易感性相关。人类白细胞抗原Ⅱ类基因是一个引人注意的UC易感基因,具有高度多态性,与UC发病及临床表型有关,现就人类白细胞抗原Ⅱ基因与UC的相关性研究进展予以综述。 Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal non-specific inflammatory disease associated with many factors such as heredity, immunity, environment and so on. Its specific etiology, pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, but recently a series of studies have shown that its occurrence and gene polymorphisms caused by genetic susceptibility. Human leukocyte antigen class II gene is a notable UC susceptibility gene with a high degree of polymorphism, and the incidence of UC and clinical phenotype, the progress of human leukocyte antigen Ⅱ gene and UC are reviewed.