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制度规则的重要特征之一是非个人化,这是否意味着“见物不见人”?本文试图回答制度是否关心人,是否存在制度品德,为何需要制度等相关问题。文章论述,制度是公共品德的实践形式,其“中性”特征并非是伦理意义上的,制度对行为预期的影响具有道德涵意。把制度和道德以及人割裂开来,有制度环境的原因:一些不良制度的存在,误导了人们的看法。但更主要的源自内因,即本体论上的局限:我们对人的理解及其预见性的假定。这一讨论的意义,在于揭示法治的道德基础。我们不仅应关注其功效方面——是否能有效解决问题,更应关注其品德方面——规则为了什么而立,基于何种伦理原则解决问题,对预期行为带来何种道德影响。
One of the important characteristics of institutional rules is the non-personalization, does this mean that This article attempts to answer the question whether the system is concerned about people, whether there is the system of morality, why the system is needed and so on. The article discusses that the system is the practical form of public morality. The “neutral” feature is not ethical, and the system has moral implications for the expected effect of the behavior. The system and the ethics and people are separated from each other, the reasons for the institutional environment: the existence of some bad system, misleading people’s views. But more importantly comes from internal causes, namely ontological limitations: our human understanding and its predictive assumptions. The significance of this discussion lies in revealing the moral foundation of the rule of law. We should not only pay attention to its effectiveness - whether it can effectively solve the problem, but also pay attention to its moral aspects - the rules for what stand on the basis of what ethical principles to solve the problem, the expected moral behavior.