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目的探讨长沙市近6年儿童麻疹的流行病学及临床特征,为儿童麻疹的诊断、预防及治疗提供参考。方法对湖南省儿童医院2004-2009年的5023例儿童麻疹病例资料进行回顾性研究。结果 (1)近6年长沙市儿童麻疹全年均有散发,以4-6月份为流行高峰;(2)儿童麻疹发病高发年龄为0～8月(为3470例,占69.1%);(3)有过麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)接种史的1009例,仅占20.0%。结论近6年长沙市儿童麻疹流行季节高峰推迟、缩短。发病年龄高度向左偏移,与疫苗接种存在较大的免疫空白有关。应加强对麻疹疫苗接种的管理,巩固和提高疫苗接种率,使儿童建议良好的免疫屏障。
Objective To explore the epidemiological and clinical features of measles in children in Changsha in recent 6 years and provide reference for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of measles in children. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the data of 5023 pediatric measles cases from 2004 to 2009 in Hunan Children’s Hospital. Results (1) Measles in Changsha City was distributed throughout the year in the past 6 years, and peaked in April-June. (2) The incidence of measles in children was 0 ~ August (3470 cases, accounting for 69.1%); 3) There were 1009 cases of vaccinated live attenuated measles vaccine (MV), accounting for only 20.0%. Conclusion In the past 6 years, the peak season of measles epidemics in children in Changsha was postponed and shortened. The age of onset shifted to the left highly, which was related to the large immunization blank of vaccination. The management of measles vaccination should be strengthened to consolidate and increase the vaccination rate so that children suggest a good immune barrier.