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[目的]为探索新的结核病管理方式提供科学依据。[方法]对山东省4个县的结核病患者、村医、执行督导任务的家庭成员进行访谈。[结果]肺结核病人及其督导服药者对结核病的知识、态度和行为会影响病人能否完成规律治疗。肺结核病人的督导服药可由村医或病人的家庭成员完成。目前,多数肺结核病人对肺结核的病因和传播途径了解不足或有误解,村医对结核病有较为清晰的认识,但多数村医并不能在整个疗程内很好地完成督导服药任务;同时病人对村医督导接受意愿低,部分病人在治疗过程中从没有接受过村医督导服药。病人接受家庭成员督导服药意愿较高,但多数家庭督导员对结核病的病因和传播途径认知模糊,少部分家庭督导员不能督导病人服药。[结论]结防专业人员应加强对肺结核病人的治疗前宣教;在村医不能完成督导任务的地区,家庭成员督导可作为村医督导病人方式的补充;结防专业人员应对承担督导任务的病人家庭成员进行充分的培训,使其认识督导的重要性。
[Objective] To provide a scientific basis for exploring new ways of tuberculosis management. [Methods] An interview was conducted among TB patients, village doctors and family members who supervised the task in 4 counties of Shandong Province. [Results] The knowledge, attitude and behavior of tuberculosis patients and their supervising drug users on tuberculosis will affect whether the patients can complete the regular treatment. Tuberculosis patient supervision can be done by village doctors or family members of patients. At present, most TB patients have inadequate or misleading understanding of the etiology and route of transmission of TB and village doctors have a relatively clear understanding of TB. However, most village doctors can not properly supervise and take medication during the whole course of treatment. At the same time, Medical supervision received low aspirations, some patients in the course of treatment has never received medical supervision of the village doctor. However, most family supervisors have a vague awareness of the etiology and route of transmission of tuberculosis. A small number of family supervisors can not supervise the patient’s medication. [Conclusion] The specialists in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis should strengthen the pre-treatment mission of tuberculosis patients. In areas where the village doctor can not complete the supervision task, supervising family members can supplement the way of supervising the patients by village doctors. Family members are adequately trained to understand the importance of supervision.