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目的建立高碘低蛋白大鼠模型,观察高碘低蛋白对大鼠生产代谢的影响及大鼠甲状腺病理形态学变化。方法选用96只断乳1个月的封闭群Wistar大鼠,采用随机数字表法共分为6组,依次为:正常饲料+自来水(NI组);正常饲料+10倍碘组(10HI组);正常饲料+50倍碘组(50HI组);低蛋白饲料+自来水(LC组);低蛋白饲料+10倍碘组(L10HI组);低蛋白饲料+50倍碘组(L50HI组);每组16只。实验周期6个月,每周记录大鼠体质量、饮水机饲料消耗情况;分别于实验第60、120、180天收集大鼠尿液,检测大鼠尿碘水平;实验末端取大鼠甲状腺组织,透射电子显微镜观察甲状腺病理结构变化,TUNEL法检测甲状腺细胞凋亡情况。结果自第4周起,低蛋白高碘2组大鼠体重明显低于其他4组大鼠(P<0.05);高碘组大鼠尿碘水平呈上升趋势,在碘浓度相同条件下,低蛋白饲料各组大鼠尿碘值均明显高于正常饲料各组(P<0.05);透射电子显微镜结果显示高碘低蛋白组大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞核扁平状,细胞内胶质小泡明显增多;低蛋白高碘组细胞凋亡指数明显升高(P<0.05)。结论高碘低蛋白可导致大鼠发育迟滞、碘代谢异常,损伤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞,加速细胞凋亡。
Objective To establish a rat model of high iodine and low protein, observe the effects of high iodine and low protein on the production and metabolism of rats and the pathological changes of thyroid in rats. Methods Ninety-six closed-group Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal diet + tap water (NI group); normal diet + 10-iodine group (10HI group) (50HI group), low protein diet + tap water (LC group), low protein diet +10 iodine group (L10HI group), low protein diet +50 times iodine group (L50HI group) Group of 16. The experimental period was 6 months, and the body weight of rats and feed consumption of drinking fountains were recorded every week. The urine of rats was collected on the 60th, 120th and 180th days of the experiment respectively to detect the level of urinary iodine. The end of the experiment was taken from the rat thyroid tissue Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the histopathological changes of thyroid gland. Thyroid cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. Results From the 4th week onward, the body weight of low protein and high iodine 2 groups was significantly lower than that of the other 4 groups (P <0.05). The level of urinary iodine in high iodine group showed an upward trend. Under the same iodine concentration, Urinary iodine value of rats in protein feed group was significantly higher than that of normal diet (P <0.05). Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the thyroid follicular epithelial cells in high iodine low protein group were flat and the intracellular glial vesicles were obvious (P <0.05). The apoptosis index of low-protein and high-iodine group was significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusion High iodine and low protein can lead to retardation in rats, abnormal iodine metabolism, damage of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and acceleration of apoptosis.