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为使地震仪记录资料具有使用价值,就必须对仪器标定结果的准确程度作出估计本文试图利用误差理论对这一问题做些探讨。 一、误差来源 任何一个物理量的测定,由于各种各样的原因,都不可能是绝对精确的。就其误差产生的原因来说,不外乎三个方面:偶然误差、系统误差和过失误差。 1.偶然误差 所谓偶然误差是指每一次测量的值并不确定,但就多次重复测量结果的总体来看,服从统计规律。产生这类误差的主要原因之一在观察者本身。例如,在测定摆的自振周期时,由于受到眼睛的分辨率,大脑的反应以及手的灵活性等限制,即使所使用的停表绝对准确,也不可避免的会使多次重复测量的结果不完全相同。即具有一定
In order to make seismograph data useful, we must estimate the accuracy of the instrument calibration results. This paper attempts to use error theory to discuss this issue. First, the source of error The determination of any one physical quantity, due to a variety of reasons, can not be absolutely accurate. The reason for its error, nothing more than three aspects: accidental errors, systematic errors and errors of error. 1. Accidental error The so-called accidental error means that the value of each measurement is not certain, but on the whole repeated measurement results, obey the statistical laws. One of the main causes of such errors is the observer itself. For example, the determination of the natural period of pendulums, due to limitations on eye resolution, brain response and hand flexibility, will inevitably result in multiple repeated measurements, even if the stopwatch used is absolutely accurate Not exactly the same. That is a certain