[Objective]To study the microstructure characteristics of Peristrophe roxburghiana(Schult.) Bremek.,so that reference can be provided for its identification,development and utilization and the establishment of its quality standards. [Methods]Microscopic identification method was used in the identification research of Peristrophe roxburghiana. [Results]The root cortex of Peristrophe roxburghiana contained a large secretory cavity; parenchymal cells of its stem cortex contained sclereids; nonglandular hair,glandular scales and cystoliths could be seen in its leaves and the leaves’ powder; both upper and lower epidermis cells mianly looked irregular or were in polygon-like shapes. [Conclusions]Features above are significanct in microscopic identification,and thus can be evidence for the identification of Peristrophe roxburghiana. [Objective] To study the microstructure characteristics of Peristrophe roxburghiana (Schult.) Bremek., So that reference can be provided for its identification, development and utilization and the establishment of its quality standards. [Methods] Microscopic identification method was used in the identification research of Peristrophe roxburghiana. [Results] The root cortex of Peristrophe roxburghiana contained a large secretory cavity; parenchymal cells of its stem cortex contained sclereids; nonglandular hair, glandular scales and cystoliths could be seen in its leaves and the leaves’ powder; both upper and lower epidermis cells mianly looked irregular or were in polygon-like shapes. [Conclusions] Features above are significanct in microscopic identification, and thus can be evidence for the identification of Peristrophe roxburghiana.