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魏晋时代是中国文化的一个重要时期,它上承秦汉,下启唐宋,其对中国文学艺术的阶段性总结和对士文人精神生活方式的确立为后世所称道。宗白华先生说:“汉末魏晋六朝是中国政治上最混乱,社会上最痛苦的时代,然而却是精神史上极自由、极解放,最富于智慧,最浓于热情的一个时代。”①鲁迅说,曹魏之时有两大特点,第一是尚刑名,加重了违法惩罚力度;第二就是尚通脱。“思想通脱之后,废除固执,遂能充分容纳异端和外来思想,故孔教以外的思想源源引入。”②所以,魏晋时期的思想
The Wei and Jin dynasties are an important period of Chinese culture. They inherit the Qin and Han dynasties, and start the Tang and Song dynasties. They summed up the stages of Chinese literature and art and established the spiritual life style of scholar for future generations. Zong Baihua said: “The end of the Han, the Wei, Jin and the Six Dynasties was the most chaotic and socially most painful period in Chinese politics. However, it was an era of extremely free, highly liberated, most intelligent and most enthusiastic in the history of the spirit . ”① Lu Xun said that when there were two major characteristics of the Wei Dynasty, the first was the name of a prisoner, which aggravated the punishment of illegal activities. The second one was that Shang Tong off. “After the separation of ideas, the abolition of stubborn, then can fully accommodate the heresy and foreign ideas, so the source of ideas beyond the introduction of Confucianism.” ② Therefore, the thought of the Wei and Jin Dynasties