Objective:To assess whether conversion from twin to singleton pregnancy following the demise of a co-twin influences survival.Methods:This retrospective study compared the risk for neonatal, post-neonatal and infant death for converted co-twins versus unconverted co-twins using the US matched multiple file dataset for the period 1995-2000. We also examined the same risks for converted versus same-quantile co-twins, hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using Cox Proportional Hazards models.Results:The risk for neonatal (HR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.09-0.34 andHR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.50- 0.96) and infant death (HR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.12-0.42 andHR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.42-0.77) were significantly lower for converted twins than for unconverted twins and same-quantile twins, respectively. For black compared to white, the risk for post-neonatal death increased by 89% (HR=1.89, 95%CI= 1.03, 3.48), and 79% (HR=1.79, 95%CI=1.53, 2.09) for convertedvs. unconverted and convertedvs. same-quantile, respectively. For converted black, the risk for neonatal death decreased by 17% (HR=0.83, 95%CI=0.73-0.93) as compared to unconverted.Conclusions: Risks for all mortality types were lower among converted co-twins than their unconverted or same-quantile counterparts. The lower neonatal and higher post-neonatal mortality among black require future research.