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目的了解北京市西北部山区居民健康素养水平及影响因素,为制定卫生策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,2012和2014年分别对北京市延庆区15~69岁常住居民进行问卷调查,用χ2检验比较健康素养水平,用二分类logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 2012、2014年共调查1 017人,两年居民整体具备健康素养水平的为25.1%。2014年较2012年,居民健康素养总体水平、基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本医疗素养、健康信息素养水平,分别增长了15.6%、2.6%、2.0%、4.2%、3.9%;健康技能、科学健康观、传染病防治素养、慢性病防治素养、安全与急救素养水平,分别下降了1.4%、4.8%、0.5%、10.0%。两年均为15~35岁年龄组水平最高(均P<0.05)。2014年较2012年,正确回答率低于20%的项目有所减少。2012、2014年均显示年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入是辖区内居民健康素养水平的影响因素,与56~69岁组相比,15~35岁健康素养水平较高(0R=4.907、5.129);文化程度高,健康素养水平较高,与小学及以下相比,大专/本科及以上0R分别为2.223、1.532;家庭年收入高,健康素养水平较高,与年收入<5万元相比,≥10万元OR值分别为10.621、3.121。结论北京市延庆区不同年龄、文化程度、收入水平居民健康素养水平差别较大,今后应结合人群特点开展健康素养知识的宣教。
Objective To understand the level of health literacy and its influencing factors in mountainous areas of northwestern Beijing and provide the basis for the formulation of health strategies. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey the residents aged 15-69 years in Yanqing District of Beijing in 2012 and 2014 respectively. The levels of health literacy were compared by χ2 test, and the relationship between the influential factors . Results A total of 1 017 people were surveyed in 2012 and 2014, with a 25.1% overall health literacy rate in two years. Compared with 2012, the overall level of health literacy, basic knowledge and ideas, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, basic medical literacy and health information literacy level increased by 15.6%, 2.6%, 2.0%, 4.2% and 3.9% respectively. Health skills, scientific outlook on health, infectious disease prevention and control, chronic disease prevention and control, safety and first aid literacy fell by 1.4%, 4.8%, 0.5% and 10.0% respectively. Both in the two years were the highest in the 15-35 age group (all P <0.05). Compared with 2012, the number of projects with the correct response rate of less than 20% decreased in 2014. Both 2012 and 2014 show that age, education level and annual family income are the influencing factors of residents’ health literacy in the area. Compared with the 56- to 69-year-old group, the health literacy rate of 15-35 years old is higher (0R = 4.907, 5.129) ; Higher education level and higher level of health literacy. Compared with primary school and below, college / undergraduate and above 0R were 2.223 and 1.532 respectively; family income was high and health literacy level was high. Compared with the annual income <50,000 yuan , ≥ 10 million OR values were 10.621,3.121. Conclusion The health literacy levels of residents in Yanqing District of Beijing at different ages, educational levels and income levels are quite different. In the future, health literacy knowledge mission should be carried out in combination with the characteristics of the population.